Publication

MiR-21-5p Protects Embryonic Growth and Heart Function During Developmental Hypoxia by Dampening HIF Responses and Altering Gene Expression

Bernardo J. Krause, Ximena Calle, Ranya V. Kumar, Youguo Niu, Oriana Ramirez-Herrera, Damariz Gonzalez, Barbara Bernal, Sage G. Ford, Rachael C. Crew, Anna L. K. Cochrane, German A. Arenas, Alex Di Genova, Dino A. Giussani

May 2026 Comprehensive Physiology
Abstract

Study summary

Fetal hypoxia is a common complication of pregnancy that increases cardiovascular risk in offspring. This study tests whether miR-21-5p upregulation during developmental hypoxia protects embryonic growth and cardiac function. Using neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and hypoxic chicken embryos, the work shows that miR-21-5p dampens hypoxia-responsive gene expression, alters transcript isoform usage in key cardiac pathways, improves cardiomyocyte survival, and protects growth and cardiac performance during chronic hypoxia.